Frederick Douglass Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Frederick Douglass - Essay Example According to the essay "Frederick Douglass" findings, examining the method that Douglass used in order to know how to read and write one will get a clear indication that abundant life was awaiting him. Douglas went through hardships in the house of his new master, Mr. Auld, whose wife offered to introduce him to the world of education. The wife, Mrs. Sophia Auld, was singularly motherly and kind to Douglas. At first, she treats Douglas like one of the family members to the extent of teaching him how to read and write. She had never been with slaves, so she knew nothing about how they were supposed to be treated (Douglas 76). However, when Mr. Auld knew what was taking place, he became an obstacle to Douglas’ education. He prevented the wife from her offers to the slave claiming that â€Å"slaves are unmanageable when they are educated†. This implied that if Douglass knew how to read and write, he would become a radical giving master’s hard time to manage. This st atement from a master gives us some light about the knowledge of reading and writing. Education will give one power to manage himself and not to depend on anybody or even allow another party to guide him on what to do. This illustrates the point that it is after knowing how to read and write that Douglas became successful after slavery. He knew how to manage himself and not depend on the decisions of other people. While he was being taught by Mrs. Auld, Douglass proved to be so intelligent and bright. This enabled him to secure a place in the shipyards as a worker.

Data Protection Act 1998 and Broad Based Hr Essay Example for Free

Data Protection Act 1998 and Broad Based Hr Essay Assignment The main purpose of my current job role is the responsibility for processing all aspects of the Company’s payroll from start to finish and providing HR support to the other members of the team to ensure the effective day to day running of the HR function. This includes assisting with the recruitment of new staff and maintaining personnel records relating to employees in compliance with relevant legislation and regulation. To successfully undertake my role a wide range of skills, knowledge and behaviours are required.   The two professional areas Insight Strategy and Solutions and Leading HR are the heart of the profession and are the most important to all HR professionals. Very important is to understand the Company’s HR Strategy. The core of the Company’s HR strategy identifies two broad based HR objectives: Ensure that the talent and abilities of staff are recognised and developed to their full potential Ensure that the individual and collective skills and abilities of staff support the on-going delivery of Company objectives Develop understanding of the Company and use the insights to tailor strategy and solutions to meet organisational needs now and in the future Helping employees understand their role in change, the reason for it and the results that are expected In the design of the annual HR plans all members of the department work collaboratively to ensure the plans are challenging and deliver positive results for the company. As a leading HR it is important to support development plans and programmes. Provide advice confidently based on sound understanding of organisation’s policy and practice. Act as a role model leader, support, develop and measure others across the organisation. Work collaboratively with colleagues to deliver good policy, practice and advice. Employee engagement is important so that all employees have connection with their work, colleagues and to the organisation so that employees are more fulfilled by work and make a greater contribution towards organisational  objectives, therefore particular attention is needed to good leadership and management. To be effective in my role I need to refer to eight behaviours: 1. Curious- to be open to trying ideas reflect, analyse and test them and insight with others, take on board change, implement changes to payroll system and procedures try new ides 2. Decisive Thinker – analyse payroll data to ensure details and facts are correct, complete and consistent; use experience, standard procedure and common sense and knowledge to solve payroll problems while recognising limits of experience and authority within the organisation 3. Skilled influencer – understand how to influence within the culture, governance of performance framework and politics, identifying the key points to communicate on any interaction, selecting the right message and audience 4. Personally credible – improving own experience, knowledge, skills shearing it with colleagues, considering how to add value and ensure expertise is developed, accept and act on feedback on own performance to both criticism and praise 5. Collaborative – passing information promptly, keeping colleagues up to date, support them in their day-to-day work, handle disagreement as they occur, seeking a constructive solution, showing respect for diversity 6. Driven to deliver – identify the steps to achieve agreed tasks, goals and objectives in the immediate or short term, keep track of own progress, keeping deadlines or inform others when targets can’t be met, deliver to expectations and commitment, meeting or exceeding agreed standards 7. Courage to challenge – stand by own proposal in the face of difficult questions, providing supporting evidence, explore the full range of viewpoints, consult others when facing problems, undercover pertinent facts to move a debate forward 8. Role model – consistently act according to organisational and legal principles and agreed processes, deal with personal date and information in a highly professional manner and relevant legislation such as Data Pr otection Act, deliver expectations and promises Experience of processing all aspects of Payroll A good understanding of tax codes, tax and NI rates, thresholds, allowances  and deductions from pay Ability to calculate payroll manually A good understanding of SSP, SMP, SAP and Employment Law Experience of recruitment campaigns A good understanding of HR policies and procedures Ability to maintain confidentiality and ensure data protection principles are adhered to at all times Ability to work on own initiative and deal with difficult and sensitive situations Ability to organise and prioritise workload and to meet agreed deadlines and targets Excellent interpersonal skills

Women in Edgar Allen Poes Literature

Women in Edgar Allen Poes Literature Poe Can Do It People dont know the mysteries behind Edgar Allen Poes writings. Many believe that Poe was a Gothic writer, but I believe he was more than that. Edgar Allen Poe was a realist, a person who was trying to deal with the trauma in his life by writing. Edgar Allan Poe is not a straight forward author, he is a read between the lines type of author. His writing is the mystery and his readers are the detectives, it is up to us to figure out the meaning for the stories. Poe wants the readers to break down his story and question everything. By using one form of Critical Approaches, I will solve the mystery behind one of Poes best stories, The Tell- Tale Heart. Many believe that the unknown narrator was a man, but I beg to differ. There are so many different elements in this story that shows that the narrator could indeed be a woman. By using feministic criticism, I will question the gender of the narrator in The Tell-Tale Heart. Edgar Allan Poe was born in Boston, Massachusetts on January 19, 1809. His father, David Poe Jr., had left long before he was born, and his mother, Elizabeth Arnold Poe died of tuberculosis when Poe was only three years old. Poe was an orphan until he was adopted by the Allan Family, which separated him from his biological siblings. John and Francis Allan took Poe into the family and expected him to take on the family business, selling tobacco. Edgar did not have intentions on being a part of the family business, because his dream was to become a writer. Edgar went to the University of Virginia in 1826, and soon after school moved back to his hometown of Boston, Massachusetts. Edgar was a writer and his greatest inspiration was the women in his life. His mother died of tuberculosis when he was young, his fiancà © got married to another man while he was at the University of Virginia, and his adopted mother died of tuberculosis in 1829. The women in his life always seemed to leave him and all he wanted was love, but there was one woman who truly grabbed at his heart, Virginia Eliza Clemm. He got married to his cousin, Virginia Eliza Clemm Poe, when she was thirteen years old and he was twenty seven. Many said that the happily married couple had more of a brother- sister type of relationship. In fact, it is said that before Edgar even decided that he wanted to marry his beautiful young cousin she was arranged to have a fixed marriage, there was no evidence found to identify the man only sources that say that the man was much older than Poe at the time. Virginia Poe was diagnosed with an illness in 1842, and she died five years later after her illness became more severe. The Tell-Tale Heart was made in 1843, many see it is a story about a madman who is insane and fulfills his desires to kill by murdering the elderly man that he is caring for, but I see it as a dedication to his wife. Women were supposed to be seen and not heard, not to question the authority of the man in their families, and their goals is to live up to the standards that society has brainwashed you into believing. That was the way that women were supposed to behave during that period, at least until the Womens Revolution in the 1900s. Men did not see their women as individuals, but more like trophies or property. The men of that era would probably have a heart attack if he met a modern-day woman, many men with the exception of one, Edgar Allan Poe. Poe loved his wife and did anything, and everything to please his wife, he let her have complete control because in his eyes she was his queen until tragedy struck. In 1842 of January, Virginia Poe was diagnosed with tuberculosis and soon after went into a deep depression, Edgar did not know what to do so he created a story, The Tell-Tale Heart. The Tell-Tale Heart is a story about the insanity of a person who grows an obsession with an old mans eye, and the sound of his beating heart, but I believe that it is more than that. The Tell-Tale Heart was a story for Poes young love, Virginia. It is a story that puts her in a perspective where she is given control at a time where she is at her weakest. The gender of the narrator was never classified but people just predicted that the narrator was a male, because no one thought a female could commit such a crime because it was so vulgar. The use of the words conceived and passion are affiliated with a woman for they are very passionate, and are the only human beings in the whole entire world who can give birth. At the end of the story the narrator admits that they committed the crime, in a way it is saying that the reason why the narrator confessed at the end of the story is because she could not contain the guilt that she felt inside, because she is weak. If you truly think about the wife could have indeed been the narrator, and the elderly man, but the policemen were societies views of women. Society at the time would have laughed, and shamed a woman for even thinking that she could possess that type of power to be violent, especially towards a man. The elderly man is slowly dying; Virginia is also slowly dying. The narrator is insane; Virginia is upset that she it dying, The narrator is irritated with the eye of the elderly man; Virginia would rather avoid the truth of her health, and when the narrator becomes obsessed with the beating heart of the elderly man, it is really just Virginia who was depressed realizing that she is not dead yet, even though she is acting as if she is. Edgar Allan Poe was a man of mystery, but he was also a man full of love for his wife. He changed the way of literature by writing famous pieces without people even knowing the true meaning behind the story. The narrator could have easily been a woman forced into a loveless marriage who finally decided she was tired of him, or a nurse/maid who had to care for this creepy old man, who was sick of getting sexually harassed every day to the point of insanity. Either way it goes it could have been a man as much as it could have been a woman. But knowing the history behind Poe and the love that he had for his sweet Virginia, there is no way this narrator could have possibly been about anyone else, especially when the evidence is so obvious. He wrote this piece to try to give his ill wife happiness, it is not a random story about a crazy madman who is obsessed with the eye of an elderly man, it is so much more. Edgar Allan Poe is a man of mystery, but one secret that wasnt a mystery was th e love that he had for his darling wife. Work Cited Bloom, Harold, ed. The Tell-Tale Heart. Edgar Allan Poe, Blooms Major Short Story Writers. Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishing, 1998. Blooms Literature, Facts On File, Inc. www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?ItemID=WE54WID=99152SID=5iPin=BMSSEP17SingleRecord=True. Rajan, Gita. A Feminist Rereading of Poes The Tell-Tale Heart. The Tell-Tale Heart and Other Stories, New Edition. 24.3(1998): 283-300. Print. Werlock, Abby H. P. Poe, Edgar Allan. The Facts On File Companion to the American Short Story, Second Edition. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2009. Blooms Literature, Facts On File, Inc. www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?ItemID=WE54WID=99152SID=5iPin=CASS678SingleRecord=True.

Turing: Concept of Computation :: Computers Computational Systems Papers

Turing: Concept of Computation Turing's analysis of the concept of computation is indisputably the foundation of computationalism, which is, in turn, the foundation of cognitive science. What is disputed is whether computationalism is explanatorily bankrupt. For Turing, all computers are digital computers and something becomes a (digital) computer just in case its 'behavior' is interpreted as implementing, executing, or satisfying some (mathematical) function 'f'. As 'computer' names a nonnatural kind, almost everyone agrees that a computational interpretation of this sort is necessary for something to be a computer. But because everything in the universe satisfies at least one (mathematical) function, it is the sufficiency of such interpretations that is the problem. If, as anticomputationalists are fond of pointing out, computationalists are wedded to the view that a computational interpretation is sufficient for something to be a computer, then everything becomes a digital computer. This not only renders comput er-talk vacuous, it strips computationalism of any empirical or explanatory import. My aim is to defend computationalism against charges that it is explanatorily bankrupt. I reexamine several fundamental questions about computers. One effect of this computation-related soul-searching will be a framework within which 'Is the brain a computer?' will be meaningful. Another effect will be a fracture in the supposed link between computationalism and symbolic-digital processing. If the standard by which to measure the explanatory value of a view were its revolutionary character, then Turing's (1936) analysis of the concept of computation would be highly valued indeed. Whereas the science of mind was once dominated by behaviorists, today it is dominated by computationalists. For computationalists, the mind/brain is a computer. As computationalists came to shoulder the burden for explaining how the mind/brain works, Turing's analysis of what counts as a computer became the standard by which to justify empirical claims about whether something is a computer. According to Turing, all computers are digital computers and something becomes a (digital) computer just in case its "behavior" is interpreted as implementing, executing, or satisfying some (mathematical) function 'f'. Because Turing's analysis is considered the foundation of computationalism, which, in turn, is the foundation of cognitive science, there can be no doubt that Turing's analysis has revolutioni zed the scientific study of the mind/brain. That much is not in dispute. What is, rather, is whether computationalism is explanatorily bankrupt. Although attacks against computationalism come in a variety of flavors, what bridles Searle (1990) and other anticomputationalists the most is the sufficiency of Turing's analysis of what counts as a computer.

Aztec Human Sacrifice – a Detached View

In searching for a thesis for this paper, I was faced with a singular problem. With the ghastly subject of human sacrifice, what could possibly be argued and defended? During my reading and research, the stark and horrible reality of a butchered, battered, or burned human being slain in some grisly, weird ceremony for some equally weird gargoyle-like idol nearly caused me to choose another subject. Yet, years ago, when I read Gary Jennings' novel Aztec, I was fascinated with his description of the Aztec's sacrifice of prisoners during the dedication of the great pyramid in Tenochitlan: â€Å"The hearts of †¦ perhaps the first two hundred of them, were ceremoniously ladled into the mouths of Tlaloc and Huitzilopochtli until the statues' hollow insides could hold no more, and the stone lips of the two gods drooled and dribbled blood†¦ Those who have read Jennings' novel know that the foregoing is but a mild example of some of the graphic barbarism he describes. During my first reading of that novel, I would have never believed that I could come to the conclusion of my thesis. My thesis is this: There appears to be an intolerable paradox between the barbarous religious practices and the rather high state of civilization in the Central Valley of Mexico. This paradox undoubtedly led the early Spanish missionaries to regard the conquered Indians as devil worshipers. However, I believe that it is possible to regard the Aztecs as civilized people who also happened to perform human sacrifice. They performed human sacrifice in reaction to their view of the world and how they cope within it. Maintaining those two opposing viewpoints requires an understanding and a detached view which may have more to do with the study of history than the study of human sacrifice. The Aztecs, of course, had no monopoly on the practice of human sacrifice. Earlier cultures (the Maya, the Toltecs and others) provided the cultural base for human sacrifice upon which the Aztecs took to new heights. According to Encyclopedia Britannica, excavations in Egypt and elsewhere in the ancient Middle East have revealed that â€Å"numerous servants were at times interred with the rest of the funerary equipment of a member of the royal family in order to provide that person with a retinue in the next life. The burning of children seems to have occurred in Assyrian and Canaanite religions and at various times among the Israelites. Rites among the ancient Greeks and Romans that involved the killing of animals may have originally involved human victims. † The Aztecs, as previously stated, took the practice to new heights. In 1487 (five years before Columbus arrived to the East and two years after Henry VII began the Tudor dynasty in England) the greatest orgy of bloodletting of human sacrifice occurred during the fierce rule of Ahuizotl. I have already quoted Gary Jennings' description of the carnage, and I will quote one more passage to illustrate how the Aztecs in a ceremony lasting four days sacrificed at least 20,000 prisoners to their insatiable god Huitzilopochtli: â€Å"The prisoners endlessly ascended the right side of the pyramid's staircase, while the gashed bodies of their predecessors tumbled and rolled down the left side, kicked along by junior priests stationed at intervals, and while the gutter between the stairs carried a continuous stream of blood which puddled out among the feet of the crowd in the plaza†¦ Although Jennings' Aztec is, admittedly, a work of fiction, I have seen his descriptions corroborated elsewhere; for example, G. C. Vaillant's The Aztecs of Mexico describes the scene: â€Å"†¦ At the start of the dedication, the captives stood in two rows, and (they) began the grisly work of tearing out the victim's hearts†¦ † Returning to my thesis, how could the practice of human sacrifice be looked upon as anything less than barbaric, even to the point where Aztecs could be regarded as uncivilized? The answer, in my opinion, arises from their view of their creation, their position in the world, their relative importance therein, and how they were only holding on by a thread. If the Judeo-Christian God took only six days to create the heavens and earth (and rested on the seventh day), the Meso-American deity took awhile longer to get it right. The Aztecs believed that the sun and earth had been destroyed in a cataclysm and were regenerated four times. They believed that they were living in the fifth, and final, stage of creation, and (according to Meyer and Sherman's The Course of Mexican History) â€Å"that in their age of their fifth sun, final destruction was imminent. † Meyer and Sherman also point out another interesting (and revealing) aspect of how the Aztecs regarded themselves in the cycle of their cosmology. The accepted view of â€Å"a natural cycle† was that humans occupied a rather lowly position in the food chain of the gods. The cycle held that since the sun and rain nourished plant life and sustained man, man should give sustenance to the sun and rain gods. One might infer from the foregoing view that the Aztecs placed a low value on human life. To add to the paradox of sacrifice versus civilization, the evidence is that the Aztecs regarded the individual human as â€Å"a most significant locus of the meditation of the human and divine. † In Aztecs – An Interpretation by Inga Clendenin, the author focuses in on the actual meaning of the word â€Å"sacrifice. In her analysis of the Nahuatl linguistic iterations covering the separate meanings of death and sacrifice, she (gradually) comes to the conclusion that Aztecs regarded sacrifice as a payment of the debt incurred and only fully extinguished by death, â€Å"†¦ when the earth lords would feed upon the bodies of men, as men had perforce fed upon them. † What I liked most about Inga Clenninden's writings on the Aztec was her m ixture of sometimes excruciating detailed scholarship (I had to have a dictionary handy at all times) along with her eventual arrival at the exquisite truth of the matter. Concerning debt of humans to the gods she states the truth of the matter in two exquisitely perspicacious sentences: â€Å".. (T)he Mexica knew that all humans, unequal as they might be in human arrangements, participated in the same desperate plight: an involuntary debt to the earthly deities, contracted through the ingestion of the fruits of the earth†¦ It is that divine hunger which appears to underlay the gross feedings of undifferentiated mass killings. While everyone in Aztec society had the same debt, Aztec religion and its black-robed, blood-caked priests served to pay everyone's daily dues for continuation in humanity's last Tonatiuh yet a while longer. Through obeisance and observance of the needs of the pantheon of gods and with the complicity of the Aztec society at large (and often even with the active cooperation of the victims), the priests performed their killings, according to Clendinnen, openly and everywhere: â€Å"†¦ not only in the main temple precinc t, but in the neighborhood temples and on the streets. The Aztecs believed that without human sacrifice and the offering of the most precious and sacred thing the human possessed (blood), the sun might not rise to make its way across the sky. This rather strange and naive belief was supported by a mythology in which Huitzilopochitli, their fierce bloodthirsty god played a central part. But first, an explanation of the Aztecs' beliefs regarding the creation of their current age does shed some light on the role of sacrifice and Huitzilopochitli's cult, which later ran rampant and reached its zenith in the sacrifice of 20,000 at the dedication of the temple in 1487. A succinct description of Meso-American mythology appears in The Daily Life of the Aztecs by Jacques Soustelle. The ancient Mexicans believed that the two parent gods lived at the summit of the world. Their â€Å"unending fruitfulness† produced all the gods, and from it all mankind was born. The sun was born when â€Å"the gods gathered in the twilight at Teotihuacan and a little leprous god â€Å"covered with boils,† threw himself into a huge brazier as a sacrifice and â€Å"rose from the blazing coals changed into a sun†¦ † This sun was motionless and it needed blood to move. So the gods â€Å"immolated themselves, and the sun, drawing life from their death began its course across the sky. † To keep the sun moving on its course, â€Å"so that the darkness should not overwhelm the world forever, it was necessary to feed it every day with its food, ‘the precious water'†¦ human blood. † Every time a priest fed the gods at the top of a pyramid, or in the local temple, the disaster that always threatened to fall upon the world was postponed once more. About the time of the Crusades in Europe, the Aztecs migrated from the west into the Valley of Mexico. They brought with them their strange hummingbird god Huitzilopochitli, who, according to Victor W. Vonhagen in his The Aztec Man and Tribe gave the Aztecs some rather sound advice: â€Å"†¦ wander, look for lands, avoid any large-scale fighting, send pioneers ahead, have them plant maize, when the harvest is ready, move up to it; keep me,†¦ always with you, carrying me like a banner, feed me on human hearts torn from the recently sacrificed. † †¦ all of which the Aztecs did. The mythology surrounding Huitzilopochitli's origins was also revealing. The Aztecs believed themselves to be the â€Å"people of the sun. † This god's fierce preeminence is surpassed only by the Aztec view of his mother Coatlicue. Victor Von Hagen describes the Aztec sculpture of this powerful and awesome goddess: â€Å"†¦ her head of twin serpents, her necklace of human hands and hearts, her arms claw-handed, and her skirt a mass of writhing serpents†¦ † The Aztecs believed that Huitzilopochitli sprang alive and fierce from his mother to vanquish his brothers, the stars, and his sister, the moon who had conspired to kill his mother. Coatlique, an earth goddess, conceived him after having kept in her bosom a ball of hummingbird feathers (i. e. , the soul of a warrior) that fell from the sky. His brothers, the stars of the southern sky, and his sister, a moon goddess, decided to kill him, but he exterminated them with his weapon, the turquoise snake. The Aztecs followed the hummingbird's twittering and became the dominant culture of a civilization that by the time Cortes and his group of scruffy adventurers landed in 1517 numbered in the millions. It is difficult to imagine an ancient, complex civilization like the Aztecs with a daily life that centered around the grisly practice of human sacrifice. The average Aztec only had to look at the stone idol of household god to be reminded of what nourished that particular deity. Deities other than Huitzilopochitli had their own feast days in the Aztec calendar and, accordingly, demanded their own sustenance. Slave children were drowned as an offering to the rain god Tlaloc. The fire god's victims were given hashish and thrown into the blaze. Those who represented the god Xipe Totec were fastened to a frame, shot with arrows, and then had their corpse flayed (the priests dressed themselves in the skin representing the â€Å"new skin† of spring). Here we have the phenomenon of how the person being sacrificed was symbolically transfigured into the image of the god and his own temple. In most cases the victim was dressed up so as to represent the god who was being worshiped. Just as the gods of old had accepted death, the person reenacted and became that sacrifice. Moreover, according to Jaques Soustelle in The Daily Life of the Aztecs, â€Å"when ritual cannibalism was practiced on certain occasions, it was the god's own flesh that the faithful ate in their bloody communion. † As the Aztec cycle continued and a shortage of â€Å"god food† occurred, the Aztec â€Å"Flowery Wars† replenished that supply. Militarism, elevated to a virtue, became ever intertwined with Aztec society. In fact, a warrior's status was determined by the number of captives he delivered to the sacrificial altar. Whether as a battlefield casualty or ending up as a captive on the altar of an enemy tribe, this â€Å"flowery death† was desirable and noble, and a place in the clouds was reserved for that warrior. Returning one last time to Gary Jennings' graphic description of the prisoner sacrifice on that day in 1487, when long lines of captives shuffled along the avenues toward Tenochitlan up the pyramid staircase towards the twin temples of Tlaloc and Huitzilopochitli: â€Å"†¦ any prisoners, however complacently they came to their fate, involuntarily emptied their bladders or bowels at the moment lying down under the knife. The priests – who†¦ had been clad in their usual vulturine black of robes, lank hair, and unwashed skin – had become moving clots of red and brown, or coagulated blood, dried mucus, and a plaster of excrement†¦ † It is indeed difficult to read of such gore and barbarism without relegating the Aztecs to the level normally reserved for far less developed and organized societies. Although the Aztec period is considered by historians as not having reached the heights of civilizations of the classic period, it is clear that the Aztecs and the cultures of the Central Valley were sophisticated and well organized. There may have been as many as 30 million inhabitants of that area (although some scholars believe that count is somewhat exaggerated), and the breathtaking sight of Tenochtitlan must have impressed Cortes beyond words. The question remains: Does existence and abhorrent (to us) practice of human sacrifice disqualify the Aztecs from full membership in the â€Å"club† of civilizations? Apparently, the Spanish felt that the answer to the question was an unequivocal yes. The horror and disgust that newcomers must have felt may have helped the Spanish convince themselves that the native religion was another form of devil worship and provided subsequent justification for destroying their culture. Jaques Soustelle gets to the heart of the matter in The Daily Life of the Aztecs. He says that the Aztec practice of human sacrifice was a great factor in making the two religions which confronted one another totally irreconcilable. In the early battles, some conquistadores ended up as captives and sacrificial victims of the Aztecs themselves, and this practice lent a particularly remorseless attitude on each side of the struggle between the Aztecs and the Spanish invaders. If we can understand the motives and the religious and cultural perspective of the Spanish, who massacred, burnt, mutilated and tortured their conquered natives, it is likely that the definition of cruelty differs from culture to culture. It follows, therefore, that it is possible to use the same perspective towards human sacrifice on the part of the Aztecs. Works cited: Jennings, Gary, 1980, Aztec Von Hagen, Victor W. , 1958, The Aztec, Man and Tribe Vaillant, G. C. , 1944, The Aztecs of Mexico Clendinnen, Inga, 1991, Aztecs An Interpretation Meyer, Michael C. , and Sherman, William L. , 1995, The Course of Mexican History Pre-Columbian Civilizations: MESO-AMERICAN CIVILIZATION: Postclassic Period (900-1519): AZTEC CULTURE TO THE TIME OF THE SPANISH CONQUEST: Aztec religion. Britannica Online HUMAN SACRIFICE: Britannica Online XIPE TOTEC – Britannica Online â€Å"Tlaloc† Britannica Online.

Nutrition Dietary Essay No More Fails with Our Assistance!

Nutrition Dietary Essay No More Fails with Our Assistance! Nutrition and dietary essay may focus on diverse issues within the study area. An essay on the issue allows you to boost different research and writing skills that equip you with proficient abilities that you can apply as a student and in your nutritionist profession. Writing an essay is not an easy task. However, you can follow the guidance provided in this article to learn the way you should go about writing your nutrition-based essay. How to Choose a Topic for Your Nutrition/Dietary Essay Let’s say you have the freedom to pick an essay topic. Being allowed to select any issue may appear like a good idea, but you may also get confused due to the concepts variety in nutrition and dietary studies. Without a proper approach, the topic selection process can lead you to a bunch of options that can be confusing. The following steps ease the topic selection process for your essay. Determine your essay type. You need to consider the essay type you are expected to write even before you start writing or picking your topic. The essay may be argumentative, persuasive, or informal, and each of the three essay types requires a special approach. For instance, if you are writing an argumentative essay on nutrition and dietary issues, you’re most likely to select controversial topics. Equally, a comparative essay means choosing the topics that introduce two items that can be compared such as schools of thought regarding eating habits. Brainstorm. If you intend to succeed in essay writing, you need to brainstorm to identify the key ideas that can be explored. Brainstorming can be turned into a simple and straightforward process. Before you start the ideas hunt, ask yourself a few simple questions within the nutrition and dietary subject. These questions include: What aspects do I like most within the nutrition and dietary subject? Why do I find this topic interesting? Do I have access to literature on the chosen essay topics? Examine interesting issues. When selecting a topic, think about the issues that are of interest to you. This approach ensures that you select the subjects that inspire you and give you the energy and enthusiasm to work on your paper and complete it successfully. You should also consider the availability of information on the topics before settling for one. If this information is readily available, writing the essay will be hurdle-free. Information is important because essay topics require one to conduct research, analyze and summarize the information found during the research process. Suitable topics for nutrition and dietary essay are indicated below: The Necessity of Proper Nutrition in Human Life; The Difference That Healthy Nutrition Does to Your Life; Five Major Food Groups and Their Importance; The Importance of Proper and Regular Nutrition for the Endurance of an Athlete; The Importance of Nutrition and Exercise. Pre-Writing Tips for a Winning Nutrition Essay Pre-writing strategies can be used in writing when you need to generate and clarify ideas. While many writers create outlines before the actual writing, the other prewriting activities that should be completed. They include brainstorming, clustering, freewriting, looping, and asking questions. Brainstorming. It is the process of generating potential ideas within a short period of time through considering the terms you have come across in your nutrition and dietary course. When generating the ideas ensure to: Note down all the possible terms that emerge from the general nutrition topic you intend to write about. If it’s teamwork, this strategy is the best because all the team members can generate ideas, with one member acting as a scribe. You should not worry about editing or discarding what might not be a good idea. Simply write down a lot of possibilities. Group the ideas that you have listed according to arrangements that make sense to you. Assign each group of ideas a label so that you can have a topic with possible points of development. Write a sentence about the label mentioned above. Now you have a topic sentence. Clustering. Also known as mind mapping, clustering is an approach that allows you to explore the relationships between ideas. You can cluster your ideas by: Inscribing the subject and topic of your essay in the center of a page and circling or underlining it. Linking the new ideas to the central circle using lines as you think of other ideas. Relating to the new ideas and adding the new ones the same way. Consequently, you will see sort of web on your page. It is important to locate interesting clusters, and use the terms you attached to the key ideas as departure points for your paper. Clustering is useful in determining the relationship between the ideas. It allows you to distinguish how the ideas fit together, especially when there are tons of them. Freewriting. Free-writing is the process of generating information with the help of non-stop writing. It allows you to concentrate on a particular topic but forces you to write so quickly that you are unable to edit any of your ideas. Stick to the following recommendations to free write: Free-write on the nutrition essay topic for ten minutes or more non-stop. Force yourself to keep on writing even if nothing specific comes to your mind. You’ll face a bunch of ideas, but never stop to fix the grammar or the spelling errors! After the free-writing, look back over what you have written and highlight the most prominent and interesting ideas. With a tighter focus, you can begin all over again to narrow down your topic and, in the process, generate several relevant ideas about the nutrition topic. Looping. Meet one more free-writing technique that allows you to discover your writing topic! What youre required to is to loop one 5-10 minute free-writing after another to have a sequence of free-writing sessions, each more specific than the other. The same rules that guide free-writing apply to looping. Follow the below steps to enhance the looping process: Free-write for 5-10 minutes. As you read through your free-writing, look for interesting topics, ideas, phrases, or sentences. Circle the ones find interesting. Free-write one more time for 5-10 minutes on one of the circled topics. You should end up with a more precise free-writing about a specific nutrition topic. Loop your free-writing again to circle the other phrase, interesting topic, idea, or sentence. After four or five rounds of looping, you’ll have specific information that indicates what you think about a single idea or topic. Once you’re done, you may even have the basis for a tentative thesis or an improved idea to approach your essay. Asking questions. You should ask yourself the 5 Ws and 1H: Who? What? Where? When? Why? and How? These questions are necessary to explore the nutrition topic you are writing about. The key to using the questions is to make them flexible enough to account for the specific details of your topic. You should seek to find out: Who?: Who are the participants? Who is going to be affected? Who are the primary and the secondary actors? What?: What’s the topic? What is the key importance of the topic? What is the core problem? What are the other issues? Where?: Where exactly the activity takes place? Where does the problem or issue come from? Where is the cause or effect of the problem most visible? When?: When exactly is the issue/problem most apparent? (past? present? future?) When did it develop? What historical events helped to shape it and when will the problem culminate in a crisis? When is certain action needed to address the issue? Why?: Why did the issue or problem arise? Why is it your nutrition topic an issue at all? Why did the chosen issue develop exactly that way? How?: How come that the problem is significant? How can it be addressed? How does it affect the participants? How to Formulate a Thesis Statement for Your Nutrition Essay: Suggestions from Our Writers Every paper you write should have the main point, the key idea, or the central message, and the arguments you make about nutrition issues in your essay paper should reflect this main idea. A thesis statement is a sentence that captures your position on the central idea. Typically, a thesis statement should reflect your ideas within one or two sentences, present the topic of your essay, and provide a comment about your position regarding the nutrition topic. Your thesis statement should tell your reader what the paper is about, help guide your writing and keep your argument focused. To write a successful thesis statement, make sure to: Place your thesis statement in the introduction part of the essay. Be as clear and as specific as possible to avoid vague words. Indicate your essay point but avoid sentence structures like â€Å"the point of my essay is†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Ensure your thesis statement is specific and clear. Normally, you will continue to refine your thesis as you revise your argument(s); thus, your thesis will evolve and gain definition as you get a better sense of where your argument is about to take you. Ensure the thesis statement does more than merely announce the topic. It must reveal the position you will take in relation to that topic, how you plan to analyze the subject or the issue your topic will discuss. Thus, instead of merely stating a fact, decide and indicate what it is that you have to say. Clarify your original and specific angle of the nutrition issue you are exploring. This way, you will inform your target audience why your issue matters. Specify and justify your reasoning when you make a subjective judgment call. Avoid providing universal or pro/con judgments that oversimplify complex issues. Avoid merely reporting a fact. How to Structure a Nutrition Essay Properly? Your essay should have at least three major sections, namely the introduction, the body, and the conclusion. Introduction. Apart from the essay title, the introduction is the first element your reader will see. Usually, it is broad at the beginning and narrows down to your specific topic, ending in the thesis. Use it to ensure your readers might be curious about your nutrition topic, to catch their attention, or to put your dietary essay in context. Your introduction should end with a clear thesis statement that tells what your paper will be arguing. Each body paragraph should directly support your thesis. Body Paragraphs. An essay has at least three body paragraphs that accommodate your arguments, evidence, and issues that support your thesis statement. Each body paragraph should begin with a sentence that introduces its topic. All of the information contained in that paragraph should be clearly and logically related to the topic sentence, which, in turn, should refer to the thesis statement. To provide support to your topic sentence and thesis statement, use arguments, data, facts, analysis, quotes, anecdotes, examples, and details that flesh out the body paragraphs. You should have at least three points to support each topic sentence. In addition, each body paragraph should have a transition to the subsequent paragraph. Transitions are used to show the connection between paragraphs. The final sentence of each body paragraph can serve as a transition or can be integrated into the next topic sentence with transition words. Conclusion. The conclusion is the last part of your essay that wraps it up. It should not introduce any new information while it should present your thesis statement in a manner that is different from the statement in your introduction. Where necessary, provide recommendations and action plans. A basic outline for your essay should appear as indicated below: I. Introduction: General info about the topic, the reason for the reader to be interested, context, etc. Thesis statement: II. Topic Sentence 1: A. Support Detail/example/data/explanation Detail/example/etc. Detail/example/etc. B. Support Detail/example/etc. Detail/example/etc. Detail/example/etc. C. Support Detail/example/etc. Detail/example/etc. Detail/example/etc. D. Transition III. Topic Sentence 2: A. Support Detail/example/data/explanation Detail/example/etc. Detail/example/etc. B. Support Detail/example/etc. Detail/example/etc. Detail/example/etc. C. Support Detail/example/etc. Detail/example/etc. Detail/example/etc. D. Transition IV. Concluding Paragraph Restate thesis: Summary of main points, return to the general context, the wrap-up of the essay, Last Post-Writing Tips for Nutrition Essay Writing Post writing activities involve reviewing your essay to ensure it is free of errors. You will also need to review the information provided to ensure you have accurate citations.